Graphite can be used to produce refractory materials, conductive materials, wear-resistant materials, lubricants, high-temperature sealing materials, corrosion-resistant materials, insulation materials, adsorption materials, friction materials, and radiation resistant materials. These materials are widely used in metallurgy, petrochemical, mechanical industry, electronics industry, nuclear industry, and national defense.

Refractory materials
In the steel industry, graphite refractory materials are used for refractory lining of electric arc blast furnaces and oxygen converters, as well as refractory lining of steel ladle; Graphite refractory materials mainly include integrally cast materials, magnesia carbon bricks, and aluminum graphite refractory materials. Graphite is also used as a powder metallurgy and metal casting film forming material. The addition of graphite powder to molten steel increases the carbon content of the steel, giving high carbon steel many excellent properties.

Conductive materials
Used in the electrical industry for manufacturing electrodes, brushes, carbon rods, carbon tubes, positive electrodes for mercury positive current transformers, graphite gaskets, telephone parts, coatings for television tubes, etc.

Wear resistant and lubricating materials
Graphite is often used as a lubricant in the mechanical industry. Lubricating oil often cannot be used under high-speed, high-temperature, and high-pressure conditions, while graphite wear-resistant materials can work without lubricating oil at high sliding speeds at temperatures ranging from -200 to 2000 ℃. Many devices that transport corrosive media are widely made of graphite material to make piston cups, sealing rings, and bearings, which do not require the addition of lubricating oil during operation. Graphite emulsion is also a good lubricant for many metal processing (wire drawing, tube drawing).

Corrosion resistant materials
Specially processed graphite has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, and low permeability, and is widely used in the production of heat exchangers, reaction tanks, condensers, combustion towers, absorption towers, coolers, heaters, filters, and pump equipment. Widely used in industrial sectors such as petrochemical, hydrometallurgy, acid-base production, synthetic fibers, papermaking, etc., it can save a large amount of metal materials.

High-temperature metallurgical materials
Due to its small coefficient of thermal expansion and its ability to withstand changes in rapid cooling and heating, graphite can be used as a mold for glassware. After using graphite, black metal can obtain castings with precise dimensions, high surface smoothness, and high yield. It can be used without processing or slight processing, thus saving a large amount of metal. The production of hard alloys and other powder metallurgy processes typically involves using graphite materials to make ceramic boats for pressing and sintering. The crystal growth crucible, regional refining container, support fixture, induction heater, etc. of monocrystalline silicon are all processed from high-purity graphite. In addition, graphite can also be used as a graphite insulation board and base for vacuum smelting, as well as components such as high-temperature resistance furnace tubes.

Atomic Energy and Defense Industry

Graphite has excellent neutron moderators for use in atomic reactors, and uranium graphite reactors are currently a widely used type of atomic reactor. The deceleration material used in atomic reactors for power should have high melting point, stability, and corrosion resistance, and graphite can fully meet the above requirements. The purity requirement for graphite used as an atomic reactor is very high, and the impurity content should not exceed dozens of ppm. Especially, the boron content should be less than 0.5ppm. In the national defense industry, graphite is also used to manufacture nozzles for solid fuel rockets, nose cones for missiles, components for space navigation equipment, insulation materials, and radiation protection materials.

(1) Graphite can also prevent boiler scaling. Relevant unit tests have shown that adding a certain amount of graphite powder (approximately 4-5 grams per ton of water) to water can prevent boiler surface scaling. In addition, graphite coating on metal chimneys, roofs, bridges, and pipelines can prevent corrosion and rust.

(2) Graphite is gradually replacing copper as the preferred material for EDM electrodes.

(3) Adding graphite deep processing products to plastic and rubber products can prevent them from generating static electricity. Many industrial products require anti-static and electromagnetic radiation shielding functions, and graphite products have both functions. The application of graphite in plastic, rubber, and other related industrial products will also increase.

In addition, graphite is also a polishing agent and rust inhibitor for glass and paper in light industry, and an indispensable raw material for manufacturing pencils, ink, black paint, ink, and artificial diamonds and diamonds. It is a good energy-saving and environmentally friendly material, which has been used as a car battery in the United States. With the development of modern science, technology, and industry, the application fields of graphite are constantly expanding, and it has become an important raw material for new composite materials in the high-tech field, playing an important role in the national economy.